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Br J Ophthalmol 1999;83:737-741 ( June )

Antimicrobial defensin peptides of the human ocular surface

Richard John Haynesa, Patrick Jason Tigheb, Harminder Singh Duaa

a Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, University of Nottingham and Department of Ophthalmology, Queen's Medical Centre University Hospital, Nottingham, b Larry A Donoso Laboratory for Eye Research, University of Nottingham and Departments of Ophthalmology and Immunology, Queen's Medical Centre, University Hospital Nottingham

Correspondence to: Professor H S Dua.

Accepted for publication 29 December 1998

BACKGROUND/AIMS---The antimicrobial activity of the tear film exceeds the activity of its known constituents. The authors postulate that this excess activity is the result of antimicrobial peptides called defensins, and they aimed to look for defensins in the human eye.
METHODS---Evidence of defensin production was sought by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Intron spanning primers were designed for beta  defensins 1 and 2, and alpha  defensins 5 and 6. RT-PCR was performed on cornea, conjunctiva, and lacrimal gland samples, and reaction products were size fractionated and sequenced to confirm their identity. A monoclonal antibody was utilised for the detection of alpha  defensins 1, 2, and 3 in tissue sections and in immunoblots of tears.
RESULTS---RT-PCR revealed beta  defensin 1 message in samples of conjunctiva, cornea, and lacrimal gland. beta  Defensin 2 message was detected in the conjunctiva and cornea but was absent from the lacrimal gland. alpha  Defensin 5 and 6 message was absent in these tissues but alpha  defensins 1, 2, and 3 were detected in normal tears, lacrimal gland, and inflamed conjunctiva by immunochemistry.
CONCLUSION---The data suggest the human eye innately produces a spectrum of antimicrobial defensin peptides. Defensins hold therapeutic potential in ocular infections as they have a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity (bacteria fungi and viruses ) and accelerate epithelial healing.

© 1999 by British Journal of Ophthalmology


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